| Peer-Reviewed

Clans and the Concept of Totemism Among the Dagara in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana

Received: 23 May 2023    Accepted: 14 June 2023    Published: 27 June 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Totemism is an important notion in the lives of people in Africa and the world over. Certain customs and beliefs identify different people across the world; totems play a significant part in Dagaaba beliefs and activities. However, there has not been much research on clans and their totems among the Dagaaba. The research was conducted out in four villages in and around Jirapa. Sigri, Ullo, Sabuli, and Jirapa Municipality, Upper West Region. Purposive sampling was used by the researchers to acquire data. To collect data, unstructured interviews and participatory observation were used. Those interviewed were between the ages of fifty and sixty. The findings showed that the Dagara take their totems seriously because of the crucial role they are supposed to play among the different clans. Totems were revealed to be highly venerated among the tribes in the municipality. In the study of Jirapa's (Dagara) totems, they discovered that the bulk of the totems were animal-based, though flora was also acknowledged. Another discovery in the research was that every clan was formed with the use of a totem, which the elders taught the younger generation about. The study concluded that, modernization and cultural dynamism have impacted their survival in the environment and if care is not taken the younger generation will not have access to totems because indigenous peoples failed to conserve and protect the environment for survival. The study made the recommendation that more research be done to determine the purpose of African indigenous symbols in various ethnic contexts.

Published in Social Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17
Page(s) 126-134
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clan, Concept, Totemism, Dagaare, Jirapa

References
[1] Anoliefo, G. O., O. S. Isikhuemhen and N. R. Ochije, (2003). Environmental implications of the erosion of cultural taboo practices in awka-south local government area of Anambra state, Nigeria. In Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Ethics. 16: 281-296.
[2] Appiah Opoku, S., (2006). Indigenous knowledge and environmental management in Africa: Evidence from ghana. Africa’s development in the twenty first century: pertinent socio-economic.
[3] Chemhuru, M. and D. Masaka, (2010). Taboos as sources of shona people’s environmental ethics. In Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 12 (7): 121-133.
[4] Hyland, A. D. C. and S. Ikumenne, (2005). Place, tradition and memory: Tangible aspects of the intangible heritage in the cultural landscapes of Zimbabwe: A case study of the matobo hills paper presented at the forum unesco university and heritage 10th international seminar. Cultural Landscapes in the 21st Century.” Newcastleupon Tyne.: 11-16.
[5] Agyekum, K. (2013). Introduction to literature. Accra: Adwinsa Publication.
[6] Angbataayele, K. D. (2014). Peremere ane Gyunia Haae Karembiiri Gane – Unpublished.
[7] Benard. H. R. (2002). Qualitative and quantitative approach. Walnut Creek: 3rd Alta Mira Press.
[8] Biegar, R. J., & Gerlach, J. G. (1996). Educational research: A practical Approach. New York: Delmar Publication.
[9] Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2005). Understanding nursing research conduct, critique and utilization. (5th ed). London: WB Saundders.
[10] Awedora, A. K. (2002), Culture and Development in African with Special reference to Ghana. Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, Lagon, Accra.
[11] Awedoba (eds.). Chieftaincy in Ghana: Culture, Governance and Development. Accra: Sub-Saharan Publshers, pp. 213-230.
[12] Awuah-Nyameskye, S. (2012c). Totemism, ‘Akyeneboa’ and Plant Ethics. PAN: Philosophy Activism Nature, 9: 5-10.
[13] Bonye, Z. S. (2008), Harnessing Synergies: The Role of Traditional Institutions in Natural Resource Management in the Tallensi / Nabdam District, Upper East Region. Master thesis.
[14] Millar, D. (2004a), Shrines and Groves: Bio-cultural Diversity and Potential Environment.
[15] Millar, D. (2004b), Traditional African World Views from a Cosmovision Perspective.
[16] Owusu, B. (2006). Chieftaincy and Traditional Taboo: An Empirical Approach. In: I. K. Odotei, and K. A.
[17] Bodomo, A. B. (1989). A Study of dialect variation in Dagaare. M. A project, Department of linguistics, University of Ghana.
[18] Bodomo, A. B. (1997). The structure of Dagaare Stanford: CSL I Publication.
[19] Braffi, E. K. (1992). Totemism and Nton’. Kumasi: University Press.
[20] Creswell, J. W. (2009). Researcher design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approached (3rd ed.) London Thousand Oaks, Sage publication.
[21] Dikpetey, T. S. (2012). The Aesthentics of Kᴐntᴐmbᴐᴐr (Birifor Festival) song’. M. phil. Thesis. Unpublished. University of Education, Winneba.
[22] Dikpetey, T. S. (2013). The literary devices in Kᴐntᴐmbᴐᴐr (Birifor Festival) Songs. Journal of African Cultures and Languages. 02.01.121-131.
[23] Dorzie, G. (2013). The structure, style and uses of Dagaarba proverbs. Journal of African Cultures and Languages. 02.01: 114-120.
[24] Ferraira, J. V. (1965). Totemism in India. India: Oxford University Press.
[25] Fraenkel, J. R., & Norman, E. W. (2000). How to design and evaluate research in educational (4th ed) Saint Francisco: MCGraw-Hill Companies.
[26] Gay, L. K., & Airsian, P. (2000). Educational research. Competence for Analyzing and application. Chicago: Irwin Press.
[27] Goldstein, K. S. (1964). A Guide for field workers in folklore. Hatboro: Folklore Association.
[28] Hinneh, K. (2012). Qualitative Research. Accra New Town: Emmpong press.
[29] Kyemaloo, L. B. (1995). Dagaaba Teηkoᴐyԑlԑ ane ba Eroη. Unpublished.
[30] Levi-Strauss, C. (1963). Totemism. Boston: Becon Press.
[31] Miles, M. B., & Huberman. A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis; An expanded Sourcebook. 2nd Sage: Thousand Oaks, CA.
[32] Owu-Ewie, C. (2017). Introduction to traditional and action research: Osu. Dataedge multimedia.
[33] Patton. M. C. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluative method. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publication. Publication PVT. Ltd.
[34] Puotege, J. (2009). Dagaaba Saakonnoo ne ba Yipᴐge – unpublished.
[35] Saanchi, J. A. N. (1992). The Dagaaba Dirge: The study of its structure and style’. M. Phil. Thesis. University of Ghana, Legon.
[36] Sigmund, F. (1919). Totem and Taboo. London: Stanford Library.
[37] Spradley, J. P. (1979). The Ethnographic interview. New York: Holt and Winston.
[38] Tuckman, B. W. (1999). Conducting educational research. (5th ed) United States: Wadsworth Group.
[39] Tylor, E. B. (1999). Remarks on Totemism with especial reference to some modern theories concerning it. Journal of the Royal anthropological institute. Vol. XXIII. PP. 138-148.
[40] Wragg, T. (2002). Interviewing. In M. Coleman & A. R. J. Briggs (Eds), Research methods in educational leadership and management (pp. 143-158). London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
[41] Yabang, C. K. (1984). Banᴐԑyԑlԑ (Oral literature) Unpublished.
[42] Wilson E. O. (1989). Conservation: the next hundred years. In: Western D. & Pearl M. (Eds.) Conservation for the twenty-FirstCentury. Oxford University press, New York/Oxford, pp. 37.
[43] Freud, S. (1915). Drives and Their Fates. Translated by G. Frankland. In The Unconscious (2005). London: Penguin Modern Classics, p. 13.
[44] Guba, E. and Lincoln, Y. (1994), ``Competing paradigms in qualitative research’’, Handbook of Qualitative Research, Sage Publications, London, pp. 105-17.
[45] Best, J. W. & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in education. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
[46] Reinach, T. (1900). La musique des sphères. Revue des études grecques, 13 (55), 432-449.
[47] Mark, K. K. A. (2017). Dagaare Lesiri (some aspects of Dagaare) Winneba: Kamarali Publication.
[48] Mandal, D. (1998). Social Structure and Cultural Change in the Saharia Tribe. New Delhi: M. D.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Dominic Alimbey Dery, Jonas Tangkpaa, Alexander M. Bedekuru, Maxwell Tengolzor Ba-an. (2023). Clans and the Concept of Totemism Among the Dagara in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana. Social Sciences, 12(3), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Dominic Alimbey Dery; Jonas Tangkpaa; Alexander M. Bedekuru; Maxwell Tengolzor Ba-an. Clans and the Concept of Totemism Among the Dagara in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana. Soc. Sci. 2023, 12(3), 126-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Dominic Alimbey Dery, Jonas Tangkpaa, Alexander M. Bedekuru, Maxwell Tengolzor Ba-an. Clans and the Concept of Totemism Among the Dagara in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana. Soc Sci. 2023;12(3):126-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17,
      author = {Dominic Alimbey Dery and Jonas Tangkpaa and Alexander M. Bedekuru and Maxwell Tengolzor Ba-an},
      title = {Clans and the Concept of Totemism Among the Dagara in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana},
      journal = {Social Sciences},
      volume = {12},
      number = {3},
      pages = {126-134},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ss.20231203.17},
      abstract = {Totemism is an important notion in the lives of people in Africa and the world over. Certain customs and beliefs identify different people across the world; totems play a significant part in Dagaaba beliefs and activities. However, there has not been much research on clans and their totems among the Dagaaba. The research was conducted out in four villages in and around Jirapa. Sigri, Ullo, Sabuli, and Jirapa Municipality, Upper West Region. Purposive sampling was used by the researchers to acquire data. To collect data, unstructured interviews and participatory observation were used. Those interviewed were between the ages of fifty and sixty. The findings showed that the Dagara take their totems seriously because of the crucial role they are supposed to play among the different clans. Totems were revealed to be highly venerated among the tribes in the municipality. In the study of Jirapa's (Dagara) totems, they discovered that the bulk of the totems were animal-based, though flora was also acknowledged. Another discovery in the research was that every clan was formed with the use of a totem, which the elders taught the younger generation about. The study concluded that, modernization and cultural dynamism have impacted their survival in the environment and if care is not taken the younger generation will not have access to totems because indigenous peoples failed to conserve and protect the environment for survival. The study made the recommendation that more research be done to determine the purpose of African indigenous symbols in various ethnic contexts.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Clans and the Concept of Totemism Among the Dagara in the Jirapa Municipality of Ghana
    AU  - Dominic Alimbey Dery
    AU  - Jonas Tangkpaa
    AU  - Alexander M. Bedekuru
    AU  - Maxwell Tengolzor Ba-an
    Y1  - 2023/06/27
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17
    T2  - Social Sciences
    JF  - Social Sciences
    JO  - Social Sciences
    SP  - 126
    EP  - 134
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2326-988X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20231203.17
    AB  - Totemism is an important notion in the lives of people in Africa and the world over. Certain customs and beliefs identify different people across the world; totems play a significant part in Dagaaba beliefs and activities. However, there has not been much research on clans and their totems among the Dagaaba. The research was conducted out in four villages in and around Jirapa. Sigri, Ullo, Sabuli, and Jirapa Municipality, Upper West Region. Purposive sampling was used by the researchers to acquire data. To collect data, unstructured interviews and participatory observation were used. Those interviewed were between the ages of fifty and sixty. The findings showed that the Dagara take their totems seriously because of the crucial role they are supposed to play among the different clans. Totems were revealed to be highly venerated among the tribes in the municipality. In the study of Jirapa's (Dagara) totems, they discovered that the bulk of the totems were animal-based, though flora was also acknowledged. Another discovery in the research was that every clan was formed with the use of a totem, which the elders taught the younger generation about. The study concluded that, modernization and cultural dynamism have impacted their survival in the environment and if care is not taken the younger generation will not have access to totems because indigenous peoples failed to conserve and protect the environment for survival. The study made the recommendation that more research be done to determine the purpose of African indigenous symbols in various ethnic contexts.
    VL  - 12
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Languages and International Relations, Dean of Graduate Studies, Tamale Technical University, Tamale, Ghana

  • Kaleo Senior High Technical School, Wa, Ghana

  • MacCoy College of Education, Wa, Ghana

  • Department of Culture and Development Studies, Millar Institute for Transdisciplinary and Development Studies (MITDS) / Millar Open University (MOU), Bolgatana, Ghana

  • Sections